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Abstract
bjective: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of Individual Oral Hygiene Instructions (IOHIs) utilizing a home task in improving plaque and gingival indices in children. Methods: The baseline plaque and gingival indices of 23 children (8–12 years) were measured by a blinded evaluator, then each child received IOHIs from a pediatric dentist. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: the intervention group received Individual Oral Hygiene Instructions In addition to the Home Task (IOHIHT). The home task was taking a photo by the included child of their teeth after nighttime brushing and share it with their parent. The control group received only IOHIs. A follow-up visit was scheduled 3–4 weeks later to re-measure plaque and gingival indices. Between and within groups differences were compared using Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test, respectively. Results: There was no significant difference between IOHIHT and IOHI groups in plaque and gingival indices (P = 0.87 and P = 0.32, respectively) at the follow-up visit. There was a significant decrease in plaque index (P = 0.03) for the IOHIHT group, the median in baseline was 0.96 versus 0.42 in follow-up, and gingival index (P = 0.003), the median was 1.04 in baseline versus 0.33 in follow-up. There was also a significant decrease in plaque index (P = 0.009) for the IOHI group, median in baseline was 1 versus 0.42 in follow-up, and gingival index (P = 0.005), median was 1.17 in baseline versus 0.29 in follow-up. Conclusion: IOHIs contributed to a significant reduction in plaque and gingival indices in selected subjects of children. The addition of dental home task did not appear to result in further improvement.
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References
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References
Elison S, Norgate S, Dugdill L, Pine C. Maternally Perceived Barriers to and Facilitators of Establishing and Maintaining Tooth-Brushing Routines with Infants and Preschoolers. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2024 Jun 1];11:11. Available from: www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerphArticle
Michie S, Johnston M, Francis J, Hardeman W, Eccles M. From Theory to Intervention: Mapping Theoretically Derived Behavioural Determinants to Behaviour Change Techniques. Applied Psychology. 2008;57(4):660–80.
Cooper AM, O’Malley LA, Elison SN, Armstrong R, Featherstone VA, Burnside G, et al. Primary school-based behavioural interventions for preventing caries. In: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2011.
Fijačko N, Gosak L, Cilar L, Novšak A, Creber RM, Skok P, et al. The Effects of Gamification and Oral Self-Care on Oral Hygiene in Children: Systematic Search in App Stores and Evaluation of Apps. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth. 2020 Jul 8;8(7):e16365.
Zolfaghari M, Shirmohammadi M, Shahhosseini H, Mokhtaran M, Mohebbi SZ. Development and evaluation of a gamified smart phone mobile health application for oral health promotion in early childhood: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2021 Dec 1;21(1).
Renz A, Ide M, Newton T, Robinson P, Smith D. Psychological approaches may improve oral hygiene behaviour. Evid Based Dent. 2007;8(2):39–40.
Werner H, Hakeberg M, Dahlström L, Eriksson M, Sjögren P, Strandell A, et al. Psychological Interventions for Poor Oral Health. J Dent Res. 2016 May 1;95(5):506–14.
Silness P LH, Silness P, Löe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy II. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964;22(11):121–6.
Coelho LEAL S, Cristina Barreto BEZERRA A, Ayrton de TOLEDO O, Soraya Coelho Leal D. Toothbrushing in preschool children 133. Braz Dent J. 2002;13(2):133–6.
Srivastava N. A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Teaching Methods of Tooth Brushing in Children Contributors. J Oral Hyg Health. 2013;01(03).
Fjellström M, Yakob M, Söder B. A modified cognitive behavioural model as a method to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions—a pilot study. Int J Dent Hyg. 2010;8(3):178–82.