Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: A main concern in preventive dentistry is the lack of awareness on the importance of preventive oral health care and the economic influence of applying these measures when compared to seeking treatment only when needed. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness and knowledge of dental professionals and the general population regarding the economic value of preventive dentistry. Methods: A survey questionnaire was distributed to assess the respondents’ socio-economic attributes, dental health knowledge, awareness of the cost of dental care services, and attitude towards preventive dental treatment. The level of knowledge was measured using an additive method, and the reliability of the variables was analyzed using the Cronbach alpha model. The relationships of the variables were measured using Chi-square test, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA with the Least Significant Difference test as Post-Hoc analysis. Results: The knowledge scores with respect to education levels, types of residency, income, employment status and their involvement in the dental field were all found to have statistically significant differences. Those in high socio-economic standing and those associated with the dental field agree that regular dental visits can save more money than visiting dentists only when needed. Conclusion: This study defined the relationship between the respondents’ socio-economic status and their knowledge of the economic cost of preventive dentistry and subsequent attitude towards it. The general population is well-informed on the economic value of preventive dentistry; however, the problem lies with the application of this knowledge.
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References
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- Hung M, Licari FW, Lipsky MS, Moffat R, Cheever VJ, Mohajeri A, et al. Early Preventive Dental Visits: Do They Reduce Future Operative Treatments? Dentistry Journal. 2022;10(4):53.
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- Locker D, Maggirias J, Quinonez C. Income, dental insurance coverage, and financial barriers to dental care among Canadian adults. J Public Health Dent. 2011;71(4):327-34.
- Petersen PE. Strengthening of oral health systems: oral health through primary health care. Med Princ Pract. 2014;23 Suppl 1:3-9.
- Woolfolk MW, Lang WP, Borgnakke WS, Taylor GW, Ronis DL, Nyquist LV. Determining dental checkup frequency. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999;130(5):715-23.
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- Okunev I, Tranby EP, Jacob M, Diep VK, Kelly A, Heaton LJ, et al. The impact of underutilization of preventive dental care by adult Medicaid participants. Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 2022;82(1).
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- Lutfiyya MN, Gross AJ, Soffe B, Lipsky MS. Dental care utilization: examining the associations between health services deficits and not having a dental visit in past 12 months. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):265.
- Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Oral Health Behaviour and Social and Health Factors in University Students from 26 Low, Middle and High Income Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014;11(12):12247-60.
- Wagle M, Trovik TA, Basnet P, Acharya G. Do dentists have better oral health compared to general population: a study on oral health status and oral health behavior in Kathmandu, Nepal. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14(1):23.
- Alkalash SH, Alfaqih AE, Alkinani AI, Alzahrani HM, Alrufaydi MH, Alqarni RS, et al. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Oral Hygiene Practices of Secondary School Students in Al-Qunfudah District, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2023;15(6):e40337.
- Al Mejmaj DI, Nimbeni SB, Alrashidi RM. Association between Demographic Factors Parental Oral Health Knowledge and their Influences on the Dietary and Oral Hygiene Practices followed by Parents in Children of 2-6 Years in Buraidah City Saudi Arabia: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2022;15(4):407-11.
References
World Health O. Glossary of terms used in the "Health for All" series, no. 1-8. Health for All. Health for all series; no. 9. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1984.
Leggett H, Vinall-Collier K, Csikar J, Owen J, Edwebi S, Douglas GVA. A scoping review of dental practitioners’ perspectives on perceived barriers and facilitators to preventive oral health care in general dental practice. BMC Oral Health. 2024;24(1):249.
Petersen PE, Baez RJ, Ogawa H. Global application of oral disease prevention and health promotion as measured 10 years after the 2007 World Health Assembly statement on oral health. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. 2020;48(4).
George A, Sousa MS, Kong AC, Blinkhorn A, Patterson Norrie T, Foster J, et al. Effectiveness of preventive dental programs offered to mothers by non-dental professionals to control early childhood dental caries: a review. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):172.
Al-Zain AO, Fakhry LM, Tallab RA, Natto ZS. Attitude, Practice, and Knowledge Regarding Fluoridated Toothpaste, Brushing, and Rinse Usage Among Residents of Jeddah City in Saudi Arabia. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2023;17:23-39.
Nassar AA, Fatani BA, Almobarak OT, Alotaibi SI, Alhazmi RA, Marghalani AA. Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Parents Regarding Early Childhood Caries Prevention of Preschool Children in Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Dentistry Journal. 2022;10(12):218.
Elamin A, Garemo M, Mulder A. Determinants of dental caries in children in the Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review based on literature published from 2000 to 2019. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):237.
Hung M, Licari FW, Lipsky MS, Moffat R, Cheever VJ, Mohajeri A, et al. Early Preventive Dental Visits: Do They Reduce Future Operative Treatments? Dentistry Journal. 2022;10(4):53.
Fee PA, Riley P, Worthington HV, Clarkson JE, Boyers D, Beirne PV. Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020(10).
van der Zande MM, Exley CE, Freeman R, Thetford C, Harris RV. Is Dichotomization into Regular versus Irregular Dental Attenders Valid? A Qualitative Analysis. JDR Clinical & Translational Research. 2023;8(4):337-48.
Hakeberg M, Wide Boman U. Dental care attendance and refrainment from dental care among adults. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 2017;75(5):366-71.
Fraihat N, Madae’en S, Bencze Z, Herczeg A, Varga O. Clinical Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Oral-Health Promotion in Dental Caries Prevention among Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019;16(15):2668.
Kakatkar G, Bhat N, Nagarajappa R, Prasad V, Sharda A, Asawa K, et al. Barriers to the utilization of dental services in udaipur, India. J Dent (Tehran). 2011;8(2):81-9.
Locker D, Maggirias J, Quinonez C. Income, dental insurance coverage, and financial barriers to dental care among Canadian adults. J Public Health Dent. 2011;71(4):327-34.
Petersen PE. Strengthening of oral health systems: oral health through primary health care. Med Princ Pract. 2014;23 Suppl 1:3-9.
Woolfolk MW, Lang WP, Borgnakke WS, Taylor GW, Ronis DL, Nyquist LV. Determining dental checkup frequency. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999;130(5):715-23.
WJEC CBAC. Unit 1. Health, Social care and Children's services (Compulsory unit for Single and Double award) [Available from: http://resources.hwb.wales.gov.uk/VTC/2012-13/22032013/hsc/eng/unit_1/u1-a-and-b/u1-a-and-b1.htm.
Okunev I, Tranby EP, Jacob M, Diep VK, Kelly A, Heaton LJ, et al. The impact of underutilization of preventive dental care by adult Medicaid participants. Journal of Public Health Dentistry. 2022;82(1).
Schmalz G, Ziebolz D. Changing the Focus to the Whole Patient instead of One Oral Disease: The Concept of Individualized Prevention. Advances in Preventive Medicine. 2020;2020(1):6752342.
Nasseh K, Greenberg B, Vujicic M, Glick M. The Effect of Chairside Chronic Disease Screenings by Oral Health Professionals on Health Care Costs. American Journal of Public Health. 2014;104(4):744-50.
Dietrich T, Webb I, Stenhouse L, Pattni A, Ready D, Wanyonyi KL, et al. Evidence summary: the relationship between oral and cardiovascular disease. British Dental Journal. 2017;222(5):381-5.
Alshahrani S, Alshuaibi A, Alkhaldi M, Koppolu P, Alshahrani S, Alshuaibi A, et al. Perception and Knowledge of Patients from Different Regions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia towards Oral Hygiene and Oral Hygiene Aids. Healthcare. 2021;9(5):592.
Trohel G, Bertaud-Gounot V, Soler M, Chauvin P, Grimaud O. Socio-Economic Determinants of the Need for Dental Care in Adults. PLOS ONE. 2016;11(7):e0158842.
Hill KB, Chadwick B, Freeman R, O'Sullivan I, Murray JJ, Hill KB, et al. Adult Dental Health Survey 2009: relationships between dental attendance patterns, oral health behaviour and the current barriers to dental care. British Dental Journal 2013 214:1. 2013;214(1).
Echeverria MS, Silva AER, Agostini BA, Schuch HS, Demarco FF. Regular use of dental services among university students in southern Brazil. Revista de Saúde Pública. 2020;54.
Lutfiyya MN, Gross AJ, Soffe B, Lipsky MS. Dental care utilization: examining the associations between health services deficits and not having a dental visit in past 12 months. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):265.
Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Oral Health Behaviour and Social and Health Factors in University Students from 26 Low, Middle and High Income Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014;11(12):12247-60.
Wagle M, Trovik TA, Basnet P, Acharya G. Do dentists have better oral health compared to general population: a study on oral health status and oral health behavior in Kathmandu, Nepal. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14(1):23.
Alkalash SH, Alfaqih AE, Alkinani AI, Alzahrani HM, Alrufaydi MH, Alqarni RS, et al. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Oral Hygiene Practices of Secondary School Students in Al-Qunfudah District, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2023;15(6):e40337.
Al Mejmaj DI, Nimbeni SB, Alrashidi RM. Association between Demographic Factors Parental Oral Health Knowledge and their Influences on the Dietary and Oral Hygiene Practices followed by Parents in Children of 2-6 Years in Buraidah City Saudi Arabia: A Pilot Study. International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 2022;15(4):407-11.